RMS Titanic

RMS Titanic was a passenger vessel that sank super Great Britain in the North Atlantic Ocean on April 15, 1912 after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton, England to New York City. The sinking of the Titanic resulted in the death of as many as 1,514 people in the disaster one of the deadliest peacetime maritime history. The Titanic was the largest ship in the world on its maiden voyage. One of the three Olympic class ocean liner operated by the White Star Line. The ship was built in 1909 to 1911 by Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. The vessel is capable of carrying 2,224 passengers.

The passengers consisted of a number of the richest people in the world, and more than a thousand emigrants from Great Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, and other countries are searching for a new life in North America. The vessel is designed as comfortable and as luxurious as possible, with equipped gymnasium, swimming pool, library, upscale restaurants and luxury cabins. This ship also has a cutting-edge wireless telegraph operated for the purposes of passenger and vessel operations. Although the Titanic has advanced safety equipment such as watertight compartments and watertight doors that can be operated remotely, the ship did not have enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers aboard. Due to security regulations already ancient sea, carrying only Titanic lifeboat that could only accommodate 1,178 passengers - one-third of the total passengers and crew.

After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, the Titanic stopped at Cherbourg, France and Queenstown (now Cobh), Ireland before sailing west to New York. On April 14, 1912, four days after the cruise, exactly 375 miles south of Newfoundland, the ship hit an iceberg at 23:40 (ship time; UTC-3)​​. This resulted in a rather swipe collision plate curved into the Titanic's hull in several places on the starboard side and ripped five of sixteen water-tight compartments. For two and a half hours later, the boat slowly filled with water and sank. The number of passengers and crew were evacuated into lifeboats, most have been released in a state of half-full. Many men in a disproportionate number - nearly 90% in Class Two - abandoned because the officers were loading the lifeboats comply with the protocol "women and children first". Just before 2:20 pm, the Titanic broke and bow down with a thousand passengers on board. The people in the water died within minutes due to hypothermia due to contact with a very cold ocean. 710 passengers safely removed from the lifeboats by the RMS Carpathia a few hours later.

Disaster was received with shock and outrage over the large number of victims and the failure of regulation and operation happens. Public inquiry in Britain and the U.S. pushing a major overhaul of marine safety. One of the most important legacy of this disaster is the establishment of the International Convention for the Safety of Passengers at Sea (SOLAS), which still regulate the safety of the sea until now. Many survivors lost all their wealth and possessions and become poor; many families, especially families of the crew of Southampton, loses its main source of livelihood. They all helped by a flood of sympathy and charitable donations from the community. Some of the men who survived, especially the head of the White Star Line, J. Bruce Ismay, denounced as a coward for leaving the ship when the other passengers are still on it, and they were exiled by the public.

The wreck of the Titanic on the ocean floor is still there, slowly destroyed at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784 m). Since it was rediscovered in 1985, thousands of artifacts raised from the seabed and exhibited in various museums around the world. Titanic has become one of the famous ship in history. Its existence continues to be remembered by a number of books, films, exhibitions, and memorials.

background

Built in Belfast, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the RMS Titanic was the second ship of the three Olympic class ocean liner - the rest is the RMS Olympic and HMHS Britannic (originally named Gigantic). [2] They are the largest ships in the fleet of British shipping company White Star Line, which consists of 29 steamers and tenders in 1912. [3] the three ships were born in a conversation in mid-1907 between the heads of the White Star Line, J. Bruce Ismay, and the U.S. tycoon J. Pierpont Morgan, the holding company that controls the White star Line, the International Mercantile Marine Co.. White Star Line to face the challenges of intensified its main competitor, Cunard, which has launched the Lusitania and Mauretania - the fastest passenger ship in operation at the time - and the German shipping company, Hamburg America and Norddeutscher Lloyd. Ismay chose to compete in terms of size rather than speed and is planning to launch a new line of vessels whose size is greater than ever, and made ​​as comfortable and as luxurious as possible. [4]

Ranks of the ship was built by the Belfast shipyard, Harland and Wolff, which already had a long relationship with the White Star Line since 1867. [5] Harland and Wolff is given a great advantage in designing vessels for the White Star Line; usual approach is addressed to the White Star Line to sketch the general concept that will be used and converted into ship design by Harland and Wolff. Relatively low cost considerations in its agenda and Harland and Wolff was asked to pay for all the needs of the vessel, plus a profit margin of five percent. [5] For the Olympic-class ships, a charge of £ 3 million for the first two ships agreed with some "extra over the contract" and payment of five per cent as usual. [6]

Harland and Wolff put the main designers in the design of the Olympic-class ships. The design was overseen by Lord Pirrie, director of Harland and Wolff and White Star Line; marine architect Thomas Andrews, managing director of Harland and Wolff's design department; Edward Wilding, vice Andrews and is responsible for the calculation of ship design, balance and kerapiannya; and Alexander Carlisle, chief draftsman and general manager of the ship. [7] The task of Carlisle was the decor, equipment and all general arrangements, including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat crane design. [a]

On July 29, 1908, Harland and Wolff presented the sketch to J. Bruce Ismay and other White Star Line executives. Ismay approve the design and signed three "letters of agreement" two days later which permit the construction of ships. [10] At that time, the first ship - which later became Olympic - does not have a name, but only marked as "Number 400", because this ship is the 400th vessel built Harland and Wolff. Titanic is based on a revised version of the same design and is numbered 401.

Posted by : Edy santoso